炎德英才大联考雅礼中学2024届高三2024届高三月考试卷四英语

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1、炎德英才雅礼中学2024高三月考四英语
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K.scientismWhy Doubt Is Essential To ScienceThe confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is,but on what people would likeit to be.When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science,many of them replied thatit is a(n)31 way of discovering certainties about the world.But science cannot provide certainties Forexample,a majority of Americans trust science as long as it does not challenge their 32beliefs.To thequestion"When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion,which one do you believe?"58 percent of NorthAmericans favor religion;33 percent science;and 6 percent say "it depends."But doubt in science is a feature,not a bug.Indeed,science,when properly 33,questions accepted factsand leads to both new knowledge and new questions-not certainty.Doubt does not 34 trust,nor does it helppublic understanding.So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertaintywithout always providing solid solutions?As a historian of science,I would argue that it's the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to showthat the real power of science lies precisely in what is often 35 as its weakness:its drive to question andchallenge a possible explanation,Indeed,the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the naturalworld whenever new36 emerges from either experimentation or observation.Scientific findings arehypotheses that contain the state of knowledge at a given moment.In the long run,many of are challenged and evenoverturned,Doubt might be troubling,but it stimulates us towards a better understanding;certainties,as37asthey may seem,in fact block the scientific process.Scientists understand this,but in the 38 fore between the public and science,there are two significanttraps.One is a form of blind 39-that is,a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems.And theother is a form of relativism borne out of a lack of 40 in the very existence of truth.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill ineach blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.This ern of"Industry 4.0"is being driven by the same technological advances that enable the capabilities of thesmartphones in our pockets.It is a mix of low-cost and high-power computers,high-speed communication andartificial intelligence.This will produce smarter robots with better sensing and communication abilities that can41 different tasks,and even adjust their work to meet demand without the input of humans.In the manufacturing industry,where robots have arguably made the most headway of any division,this willmean a(n)42 shift from centralized to decentralized cooperative production.43 robots focused onsingle,fixed.high-speed operations and required a highly skilled human workforce to operate and maintain them.Industry 4.0 machines are flexible,cooperative and can operate more independently which 44 removes theneed for a highly skilled workforce.For large-scale manufacturers,Industry 4.0 means their robots will be able to sense their environment andcommunicate in an industrial network that can be run and 45 remotely.Each machine will produce largeamounts of data that can be 46 studied using what is known as "big data"analysis.This will help 47