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CA 2020 study in the journal Science concluded that marine heat waves have increased morethan 20-fold()as a result of climate warming.The authors found that in the first decade aftersatellites began recording ocean temperatures (i.e.,after 1981),there were 27 large marine heatwaves,with an average duration of32 days and an average peak temperature anomaly(反常现象)of8.5F;in the 2010s,there were 172,which lasted 48 days on average with an average peaktemperature almost 10F above normal.Much remains unclear about marine heat waves.For example,explains Nicholas Bond,research scientist at the University of Washington and Washington's state climatologist,there is thequestion of why so many persist for weeks or months."There must be something else going on thathelps maintain them,"he says.He notes that one explanation is that as the ocean surface warms,itradiates heat into the atmosphere that prevents cloud cover from forming,exposing the seawater toincreased sunlight and further warming.However,enough is known about marine heat waves for scientists to be gravely concernedabout their potential impacts.Of special note is the fact that those impacts can last long after the heatwaves have disappeared.After three years of the Blob,the waters of the northeastern Pacific beganto cool in 2016;but years later,scientists are still determining the extent to which the region'secosystem is likely to return fully to its pre-Blob status.Similarly,notes Scannell,who is a datascientist with Jupiter Intelligence,Inc.,following the 2010-11 Western Australia event,"lots ofkelp()forests died,and it takes literally decades for those ecosystems to bounce back".Eric Oliver,a scientist from Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia,Canada,expressed his ownopinion about the potential impact of the heat waves in tropical waters."I think that's really a toughissue,"he says.Life in the tropics,he notes,is adapted to"quite a narrow range of temperatures.Sothat's where things can get really messy.We can have complete shifts in tropical systems."28.What can we infer from the figures listed in para.1?A.The problem of marine heat waves is becoming worse.B.The satellites enable scientists to record ocean temperature precisely.C.Climate change is the main cause of the marine heat waves.D.Marine heat waves have been found by scientists for about 30 years.29.What does the 2nd paragraph mainly talk about?A.Various factors that lead to marine heat waves.B.The possible impacts of a warm ocean surfaceC.The possible reason why marine heat waves last long.D.Scientists'efforts in exploring the causes of heat waves.30.What do we know about the impact of the marine heat waves?A The impact will disappear shortly after the sea water cools.B.It takes long before the ecosystem makes a complete recovery.C.Scientists have known enough to restore the impact.D.The northeastern Pacific and Western Australia are the worst cases.31.What is Eric Oliver's attitude towards the heat waves in tropic waters?A.Concerned.B.Indifferent.C.Doubtful.D.Optimistic.高三英语
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